{"id":65,"date":"2019-11-26T22:20:37","date_gmt":"2019-11-26T21:20:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/site.ldh-france.org\/nanterre\/?p=65"},"modified":"2019-12-06T00:07:28","modified_gmt":"2019-12-05T23:07:28","slug":"principe-de-fraternite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/site.ldh-france.org\/nanterre\/principe-de-fraternite\/","title":{"rendered":"Fin du d\u00e9lit de solidarit\u00e9 ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dans sa d\u00e9cision 2018-717\/718, le Conseil constitutionnel consacre la valeur constitutionnelle du principe de fraternit\u00e9.<\/h1>\n

 <\/p>\n

Saisi le 11 mai 2018 par la Cour de cassation d’une question prioritaire de constitutionnalit\u00e9, le Conseil constitutionnel a consacr\u00e9 le principe de fraternit\u00e9. Le Conseil constitutionnel devait s\u2019interroger sur\u00a0 la conformit\u00e9 des droits et libert\u00e9s issus de la Constitution et des articles L.622-1 et L.622-4 du CESEDA.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Les articles L.622-1 et L.622-4 du CESEDA en cause<\/h2>\n

En application de ces deux articles, le CESEDA pr\u00e9voyait une sanction p\u00e9nale pour le fait d’aider directement ou indirectement un \u00e9tranger \u00e0 entrer, circuler ou s\u00e9journer irr\u00e9guli\u00e8rement en France.\u00a0 Ce d\u00e9lit \u00e9tait puni de 5 ans d’emprisonnement et 30 000 euros d’amende.<\/p>\n

L’article L.622-4 dudit code pr\u00e9voyait plusieurs exceptions \u00e0 ce principe. Cet article pr\u00e9voyait notamment l’immunit\u00e9 p\u00e9nale \u00e0 toute personne physique ou morale ayant apport\u00e9 une telle aide \u00e0 un \u00e9tranger lorsque cet acte n’a donn\u00e9 lieu \u00e0 aucune contrepartie directe ou indirecte et consistait \u00e0 fournir des conseils juridiques ou des prestations de restauration, d’h\u00e9bergement ou de soins m\u00e9dicaux destin\u00e9es \u00e0 assurer des conditions de vie dignes et d\u00e9centes \u00e0 l’\u00e9tranger, ou bien toue autre aide visant \u00e0 pr\u00e9server la dignit\u00e9 ou l’int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique de celui-ci.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Conciliation des droits et libert\u00e9s<\/h2>\n

Le Conseil constitutionnel a du examiner si les dispositions cit\u00e9es ne m\u00e9connaissaient pas le principe de fraternit\u00e9. En effet, les exceptions de l’article L.622-4 du CESEDA ne s’appliquent qu’\u00e0 l’entr\u00e9e ou la circulation d’un \u00e9tranger en situation irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re sur le territoire fran\u00e7ais. Il ne pr\u00e9voit aucune disposition relative \u00e0 l’aide au s\u00e9jour irr\u00e9gulier pour tout acte purement humanitaire, n’ayant pas donn\u00e9 lieu \u00e0 un contrepartie directe ou indirecte.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Solution des Sages<\/h2>\n

Pour la premi\u00e8re fois, le Conseil constitutionnel a jug\u00e9 que la fraternit\u00e9 est un principe \u00e0 valeur constitutionnelle. Pour ce faire, il rappelle la devise r\u00e9publicaine \u00ab\u00a0Libert\u00e9, Egalit\u00e9, Fraternit\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb. Les Sages pr\u00e9cisent \u00e9galement que la Constitution se r\u00e9f\u00e8re \u00e9galement \u00e0 terme \u00ab\u00a0fraternit\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

La fraternit\u00e9, entendue comme un principe \u00e0 valeur constitutionnelle, d\u00e9coule de la libert\u00e9 d’aider autrui, dans un but humanitaire. Cette aide doit \u00eatre entendue sans consid\u00e9ration de la r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 de son s\u00e9jour sur le territoire national. En outre, l’objectif de lutte contre l’immigration irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re est fond\u00e9 sur la sauvegarde de l’ordre public, objectif \u00e0 valeur constitutionnelle. Les Sages doivent donc concilier le principe de fraternit\u00e9 et la sauvegarde de l’ordre public.<\/p>\n

Par cons\u00e9quent, le Conseil constitutionnel a censur\u00e9 une partie de l’article L.622-4 du CESEDA. Les termes \u00ab\u00a0s\u00e9jour irr\u00e9gulier\u00a0\u00bb sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme une forme de r\u00e9pression de l’aide aux personnes en situation irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re. Les Sages pr\u00e9cisent que cette d\u00e9cision ne permet pas une extension ou une incitation \u00e0 l’aide \u00e0 l’entr\u00e9e irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re.<\/p>\n

Les Sages \u00e9mettent \u00e9galement une r\u00e9serve d’interpr\u00e9tation dans cette d\u00e9cision. Ils pr\u00e9cisent que l’article L.622-4 du CESEDA instaure effectivement une immunit\u00e9 p\u00e9nale pour les individus aidant au s\u00e9jour irr\u00e9gulier. Cependant, cette immunit\u00e9 n’est valable que si l’aide apport\u00e9e entre dans un but humanitaire.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Le d\u00e9lit de solidarit\u00e9, abrog\u00e9 ?<\/h2>\n

La r\u00e9ponse est non. La d\u00e9cision du Conseil constitutionnel a \u00e9tendu au d\u00e9lit d’aide \u00e0 la circulation irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re des \u00e9trangers les exemptions concernant l’aide au s\u00e9jour. Cependant, les Sages ont interdit que ces exemptions jouent pour l’aide, m\u00eame humanitaire, \u00e0 l’entr\u00e9e irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Pour t\u00e9l\u00e9charger le Guide Pratique sur le d\u00e9lit de solidarit\u00e9 – Cliquer ici<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dans sa d\u00e9cision 2018-717\/718, le Conseil constitutionnel consacre la valeur constitutionnelle du principe de fraternit\u00e9.   Saisi le 11 mai 2018 par la Cour de cassation d’une question prioritaire de…
Lire la suite Fin du d\u00e9lit de solidarit\u00e9 ?<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":131,"featured_media":70,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[34,3,16],"tags":[94,52,51,95],"class_list":["post-65","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-droit-dasile","category-droits-des-etrangers","category-politique-de-limmigration","tag-delit-de-solidarite","tag-droit-dasile","tag-droit-des-etrangers","tag-principe-de-fraternite"],"yoast_head":"\nQuelle valeur juridique pour le principe de fraternit\u00e9 ?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Dans sa d\u00e9cision 2018-717\/718, le Conseil constitutionnel consacre la valeur constitutionnelle du principe de fraternit\u00e9.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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