{"id":1667,"date":"2021-04-06T13:55:04","date_gmt":"2021-04-06T11:55:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/site.ldh-france.org\/nice\/?p=1667"},"modified":"2021-04-06T13:55:05","modified_gmt":"2021-04-06T11:55:05","slug":"la-ville-de-nice-predit-crimes-et-delits-ou-des-banalites","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/site.ldh-france.org\/nice\/2021\/04\/06\/la-ville-de-nice-predit-crimes-et-delits-ou-des-banalites\/","title":{"rendered":"La ville de Nice pr\u00e9dit crimes et d\u00e9lits ou des banalit\u00e9s ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Dans un dossier de deux pages produit par Nice-Matin le 5 avril 2021, le quotidien local publie quatre articles qui vantent sans beaucoup de nuances le solutionnisme technologique si cher \u00e0 la mairie de Nice. Un de ses articles est consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 un nouveau logiciel mis au point en interne par la ville :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab\u00a0Un logiciel quasiment capable de dire o\u00f9 les infractions vont \u00eatre commises\u00a0\u00bb (on appr\u00e9cie la modestie du \u00ab\u00a0quasiment\u00a0\u00bb) \u00ab\u00a0unique en France\u00a0\u00bb nous dit-on, sans pr\u00e9ciser que ce type de logiciel existe un peu partout dans le monde depuis plus de dix ans, mis au point par une myriade de start-up ou de d’entreprises ayant pignon sur rue comme par exemple la tristement fameuse Palantir. Puis on nous \u00e9germe les mots clef habituels : \u00ab\u00a0formidable base de donn\u00e9es\u00a0\u00bb utilisable \u00ab\u00a0en temps r\u00e9el\u00a0\u00bb , pour finir avec le propos pr\u00e9tentieux d’un technicien : \u00ab\u00a0le hasard n’a que peu de place\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bref, la ville de Nice aurait trouv\u00e9 la pierre philosophale de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais il suffit de faire une br\u00e8ve recherche sur internet concernant les logiciels de pr\u00e9diction polici\u00e8re, pour trouver plusieurs articles et \u00e9tudes sur la question.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Afin d’aller un peu plus loin que ce que pr\u00e9tend le marketing de la ville de Nice et pour informer correctement les personnes int\u00e9ress\u00e9es par la question, nous voudrions signaler, en particulier :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1\/<\/strong> une \u00e9tude s\u00e9rieuse et document\u00e9e, r\u00e9alis\u00e9e par un \u00e9tudiant de l’universit\u00e9 de Grenoble :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/cortecs.org\/politique-societe\/predpol-predire-des-crimes-ou-des-banalites\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab\u00a0Le graphique nous montre que 50 % des d\u00e9lits ont lieu dans 7,5 % de la ville. \u00c9tant donn\u00e9 que la criminalit\u00e9 \u00e9volue peu, il suffit de pr\u00e9dire toujours les m\u00eames lieux \u00ab \u00e0 risque \u00bb pour \u00eatre aussi performant que Predpol\u00a0\u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2\/<\/strong> un article paru dans la revue \u00ab\u00a0La vie des id\u00e9es\u00a0\u00bb intitul\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0A qui profite le crime ?\u00a0\u00bb Le march\u00e9 de la pr\u00e9diction du crime aux Etats-Unis :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/laviedesidees.fr\/A-qui-profite-le-crime.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans cet article, sont mis en \u00e9vidence \u00e0 la fois les insuffisances du logiciel et la grande sophistication du marketing des commerciaux de Predpol <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab\u00a0Un algorithme peut-il pr\u00e9dire les crimes? Les forces de police am\u00e9ricaines s\u2019\u00e9quipent depuis plusieurs ann\u00e9es de logiciels cens\u00e9s d\u00e9tecter le lieu des futurs crimes et d\u00e9lits. Leur succ\u00e8s tient pourtant davantage du marketing que de leur efficacit\u00e9 pr\u00e9dictive.\u00a0\u00bb<\/em> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab\u00a0Quand bien m\u00eame les forces de police comprendraient les limites de l\u2019algorithme, elles ne renonceraient pas n\u00e9cessairement \u00e0 l\u2019offre de Predpol, car l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 pr\u00e9dictive de l\u2019algorithme n\u2019est pas la question cruciale aux yeux de la police. Pour celle-ci, l\u2019enjeu principal est moins la pr\u00e9diction des crimes qu\u2019un management simplifi\u00e9 de l\u2019action polici\u00e8re.<\/em>\u00ab\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3\/<\/strong> La Quadrature du Net a publi\u00e9 un article intitul\u00e9 : \u00ab\u00a0La police pr\u00e9dictive progresse en France. Exigeons son interdiction\u00a0!\u00a0\u00bb. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/technopolice.fr\/blog\/la-police-predictive-progresse-en-france-exigeons-son-interdiction\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir fait observer que les logiciels de police pr\u00e9dictive commencent \u00e0 \u00eatre abandonn\u00e9s par plusieurs villes aux USA et en particulier dans la m\u00e9gapole de Los Angeles, l’article observe en particulier :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab\u00a0La derni\u00e8re critique couramment adress\u00e9e \u00e0 ces dispositifs, c\u2019est qu\u2019ils n\u2019ont pas fait la preuve de leur int\u00e9r\u00eat. Tout au plus permettent-ils de visualiser des donn\u00e9es dont la police disposait d\u00e9j\u00e0. Il s\u2019av\u00e8re aussi bien compliqu\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9valuer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 de ces logiciels\u00a0: si l\u2019\u00e9v\u00e8nement pr\u00e9dit par la machine a lieu, l\u2019outil sera pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 comme efficace. Mais si l\u2019\u00e9v\u00e8nement n\u2019a pas lieu, l\u2019outil pourra aussi \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme efficace en ce qu\u2019un patrouille envoy\u00e9e sur place aurait dissuad\u00e9 les personnes d\u2019agir\u2026\u00a0\u00bb <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab\u00a0Ou peut \u00eatre ont-ils \u00e9galement peur de ne pas \u00eatre assez modernes, aveugl\u00e9s par la croyance dans le fait que s\u2019\u00e9quiper des derni\u00e8res technologies de contr\u00f4le social est une fin en soi, qu\u2019importe leur impact sur nos libert\u00e9s, leur co\u00fbt, ou m\u00eame leur int\u00e9r\u00eat<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dans un dossier de deux pages produit par Nice-Matin le 5 avril 2021, le quotidien local publie quatre articles qui vantent sans beaucoup de nuances le solutionnisme technologique si cher \u00e0 la mairie de Nice. Un de ses articles est consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 un nouveau logiciel mis au point en interne par la ville : \u00ab\u00a0Un…
Lire la suite La ville de Nice pr\u00e9dit crimes et d\u00e9lits ou des banalit\u00e9s ?<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2,44],"tags":[36,46],"class_list":["post-1667","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-actus_section","category-videosurveillance","tag-collectivites-locales","tag-videosurveillance-2"],"yoast_head":"\nLa ville de Nice pr\u00e9dit crimes et d\u00e9lits ou des banalit\u00e9s ? - LDH Nice<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/site.ldh-france.org\/nice\/2021\/04\/06\/la-ville-de-nice-predit-crimes-et-delits-ou-des-banalites\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"nice\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/site.ldh-france.org\/nice\/2021\/04\/06\/la-ville-de-nice-predit-crimes-et-delits-ou-des-banalites\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/site.ldh-france.org\/nice\/2021\/04\/06\/la-ville-de-nice-predit-crimes-et-delits-ou-des-banalites\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"nice\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/site.ldh-france.org\/nice\/#\/schema\/person\/967c939d3946abc1f1a18ad807ebe24b\"},\"headline\":\"La ville de Nice pr\u00e9dit crimes et d\u00e9lits ou des banalit\u00e9s ?\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-04-06T11:55:04+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-04-06T11:55:05+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/site.ldh-france.org\/nice\/2021\/04\/06\/la-ville-de-nice-predit-crimes-et-delits-ou-des-banalites\/\"},\"wordCount\":685,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/site.ldh-france.org\/nice\/2021\/04\/06\/la-ville-de-nice-predit-crimes-et-delits-ou-des-banalites\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/site.ldh-france.org\/nice\/files\/2021\/04\/NM-5-04-police-predictive-extrait.png\",\"keywords\":[\"collectivit\u00e9s locales\",\"vid\u00e9osurveillance\"],\"articleSection\":[\"A la une\",\"Vid\u00e9osurveillance - Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 num\u00e9rique\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/site.ldh-france.org\/nice\/2021\/04\/06\/la-ville-de-nice-predit-crimes-et-delits-ou-des-banalites\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/site.ldh-france.org\/nice\/2021\/04\/06\/la-ville-de-nice-predit-crimes-et-delits-ou-des-banalites\/\",\"name\":\"La ville de Nice pr\u00e9dit crimes et d\u00e9lits ou des banalit\u00e9s ? 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