{"id":779,"date":"2016-09-28T15:58:08","date_gmt":"2016-09-28T13:58:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/site.ldh-france.org\/nice\/?p=779"},"modified":"2016-09-29T08:29:23","modified_gmt":"2016-09-29T06:29:23","slug":"nice-ville-numerique-smart-city-future-ville-panoptique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/site.ldh-france.org\/nice\/2016\/09\/28\/nice-ville-numerique-smart-city-future-ville-panoptique\/","title":{"rendered":"Nice ville num\u00e9rique, Smart city  ou future ville \u00ab\u00a0panoptique\u00a0\u00bb ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>La ville de Nice communique beaucoup autour du concept de \u00ab\u00a0ville intelligente\u00a0\u00bb [ <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nice.fr\/fr\/actualites\/nice-ville-intelligente-une-strategie-payante?type=articles\">[ ICI ]<\/a> sans doute pour faire \u00e9voluer\u00a0 son image de \u00ab\u00a0ville de retrait\u00e9s \u00ab\u00a0. En d\u00e9pit de fiascos retentissants, comme celui des parcm\u00e8tres dits \u00ab\u00a0intelligents\u00a0\u00bb, lesquels ont laiss\u00e9 un facture de 10 millions d\u2019euros \u00e0 la commune, la ville entend poursuivre cette politique. Tout n&rsquo;est pas \u00e0 rejeter en bloc dans le concept de ville intelligente ; toutefois,\u00a0 nous attirons \u00e0 nouveau l&rsquo;attention des citoyens sur les dangers potentiels que rec\u00e8lent ces technologies, d\u00e8s lors qu&rsquo;elles se d\u00e9ploient hors de tout contr\u00f4le d\u00e9mocratique r\u00e9el et <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">sans aucun v\u00e9ritable contre pouvoir efficace<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>A ce sujet, la CNIL commente un tr\u00e8s int\u00e9ressant article de la sociologue Liesbet Von Zoonen.<\/p>\n<p>La totalit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;article de la CNIL ici : <a href=\"http:\/\/linc.cnil.fr\/ville-numerique-quels-impacts-sur-la-vie-privee\">[ ville num\u00e9rique et vie priv\u00e9e ]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Extraits<\/strong> :<\/p>\n<p><em>\u00ab\u00a0La ville num\u00e9rique ou la \u00ab smart city \u00bb, fait l\u2019objet de nombreux d\u00e9bats parmi les chercheurs et les sp\u00e9cialistes. Ses promoteurs voient dans le big data une opportunit\u00e9 pour les villes de devenir plus riches, plus propres et plus efficaces ; d\u2019autres consid\u00e8rent que les villes deviendront des espaces robotis\u00e9s, ennuyeuses, g\u00e9r\u00e9s par les seules data (data driven), et o\u00f9 la cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9 n\u2019aura plus aucune place. Le g\u00e9ographe Rob Kitchin, consid\u00e8re que la collection tous azimuts de donn\u00e9es urbaines risque de produire des villes \u00ab panoptiques \u00bb, qui risquent de menacer le droit \u00e0 la vie priv\u00e9e et \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression.\u00a0\u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4>Quadrant II &#8211; Collecte de donn\u00e9es personnelles \u00e0 des fins de surveillance.<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"rteindent1\"><em>\u00ab\u00a0Ce quadrant recouvre les donn\u00e9es personnelles collect\u00e9es par la police, les autorit\u00e9s organisatrices des transports publics, mais aussi des cam\u00e9ras de surveillance, des bases li\u00e9es \u00e0 la reconnaissance faciale, etc. Ce quadrant cristallise les contestations par les citoyens et les militants du respect de la vie priv\u00e9e. Liesbet van Zoonen note que le <a href=\"http:\/\/linc.cnil.fr\/fr\/adoption-du-reglement-europeen-par-le-parlement-europeen-un-grand-pas-pour-la-protection-des-donnees\">R\u00e8glement europ\u00e9en<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/linc.cnil.fr\/fr\/adoption-du-reglement-europeen-par-le-parlement-europeen-un-grand-pas-pour-la-protection-des-donnees\">[ ICI ]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 apportera de nouvelles garanties aux citoyens pour faire valoir et prot\u00e9ger leurs droits.\u00a0\u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4>Quadrant III &#8211; Collecte de donn\u00e9es \u00ab non \u2013personnelles \u00bb \u00e0 des fins de surveillance.<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"rteindent1\"><em>\u00ab\u00a0On retrouve ici les donn\u00e9es li\u00e9es \u00e0 la surveillance de l\u2019espace urbain, sans a priori de reconnaissance possible des individus : le monitoring du trafic automobile, de gestion des foules, par exemple par des cam\u00e9ras infrarouge ou des capteurs de chaleur. Ces donn\u00e9es peuvent cependant permettre de reconna\u00eetre une personne, par exemple lorsque l\u2019on utilise un logiciel de reconnaissance faciale sur des vid\u00e9os.\u00a0\u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4>Quadrant IV &#8211; Collecte de donn\u00e9es \u00ab non-personnelles \u00bb \u00e0 des fins de services.<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"rteindent1\"><em>\u00ab\u00a0La derni\u00e8re cat\u00e9gorie correspond \u00e0 toutes les donn\u00e9es non-personnelles collect\u00e9es et utilis\u00e9es pour le b\u00e9n\u00e9fice des citoyens, telles que les donn\u00e9es environnementales, de gestion des d\u00e9chets ou de l\u2019\u00e9nergie (hors les donn\u00e9es de chaque foyer). Ce quadrant ne pr\u00e9sente \u00e0 premi\u00e8re vue pas d\u2019inqui\u00e9tudes quant au respect de la vie priv\u00e9e, mais l\u2019auteur rappelle que l\u00e0 aussi, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019agr\u00e9gation et au recoupement de donn\u00e9es pourtant anonymis\u00e9es, <a href=\"http:\/\/linc.cnil.fr\/fr\/nouvelles-frontieres-des-donnees-personnelles\">il reste parfois possible de reconstituer des donn\u00e9es personnelles<\/a>. \u00ab\u00a0<\/em> \u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/linc.cnil.fr\/fr\/nouvelles-frontieres-des-donnees-personnelles\">[ Cliquez ici ]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La ville de Nice communique beaucoup autour du concept de \u00ab\u00a0ville intelligente\u00a0\u00bb [ [ ICI ] sans doute pour faire \u00e9voluer\u00a0 son image de \u00ab\u00a0ville de retrait\u00e9s \u00ab\u00a0. En d\u00e9pit de fiascos retentissants, comme celui des parcm\u00e8tres dits \u00ab\u00a0intelligents\u00a0\u00bb, lesquels ont laiss\u00e9 un facture de 10 millions d\u2019euros \u00e0 la commune, la ville entend poursuivre&hellip;  <br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/site.ldh-france.org\/nice\/2016\/09\/28\/nice-ville-numerique-smart-city-future-ville-panoptique\/\">Lire la suite <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Nice ville num\u00e9rique, Smart city  ou future ville \u00ab\u00a0panoptique\u00a0\u00bb ?<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2,44],"tags":[36,46],"class_list":["post-779","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-actus_section","category-videosurveillance","tag-collectivites-locales","tag-videosurveillance-2"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Nice ville num\u00e9rique, Smart city ou future ville &quot;panoptique&quot; ? 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